Introduction to C-programming - The Incredible Truth
Introduction to C-Programming
1. Linking Section:
This section contains commands that are to
be executed by the preprocessor software to combine the specified header files
with the program files to enable the compiler generate the machine language
code of the program.
The header files having the extension name “.h”,
stores the function definitions of some functions that are used in the program
which is required by compiler to generate machine language code of those
functions.
E.g.- the functions ‘printf’ and ‘scanf’ are
described in the header header file ‘stdio.h’ and the functions ‘clrscr’ and ‘getch’
are defined in the header file ‘conio.h’.
2. Program Section:
The
entire program is to be written in the main function block as otherwise
compiler will not recognize the program as valid and will not generate the
machine language code of the program.
A function block begins with the symbol ‘{‘ and ends with
the symbol ‘}’.
Statements
[1] Variable declaration
statement:
A statement in the
program section always terminates with a semicolon (;).
Syntax: data type _ variable name
A variable can be defined as a symbol that represents a
memory space where data taken from user can be stored and used in the program,
seems the data stored in the variable changes during program execution, hence
the name variable which means a thing that changes and is not a constant.
Variables are of two
types-
(i)
Signed variable, where both positive and
negative data can be stored and by default variable is a signed variable.
(ii)
Unsigned variable, where the data stored is
always positive.
The data type of a variable determines what type of data
will be stored in the variable and how much memory space will be required to
store data in the memory space represented by the variable.
Data type
|
Symbol
|
Memory Space
|
Character
|
char
|
1 byte (8 bits)
|
Integer
|
int
|
2 byte (16 bits)
|
Fractional
|
float
|
4 byte (32 bits)
|
Large fractional
|
double
|
8 byte (64 bits)
|
2] Data input statement:
The ‘scanf’ function is used to take data from user as
inputs and store it in the variable.
Syntax of ‘scanf’ function is-
scanf (“Control
string “, &v1, &v2, &v3, ….., &vn);
Where, &v1 = address of variable v1
Data type
|
Control string
|
Character (Single)
|
%c
|
Character (multiple)
|
%s
|
Integer
|
%d
|
Float
|
%f
|
Double
|
%lf
|
[3] Data output statement:
The ‘printf’ function used to display data as output. The
syntax for the ‘printf’ function is –
printf(“Control
string”, v1, v2, v3, ……, vn);
The control string is same as for ‘scanf’.
See Also:
Addition of two numbers with C coding
Simple C-Programming examples
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